The president of Mexico recently stated that Mexico is “the most democratic country in the world,” alluding to the election of judges,magistrates and ministers. This statement comes at a time when the state of democracy in Mexico is being debated, with some observers pointing to potential setbacks in recent years.

An analysis of Mexico’s democratic trajectory reveals a complex history. In the 1970s, critics argued that Mexico lacked true democracy due to the dominance of a single party. The Congress cameras largely followed the president’s lead, and the Supreme Court rarely deviated from the presidential will. Electoral authorities were seen as biased, and the President held significant power.

Significant advances were made to address these issues.A Pluralism of parties emerged, the Congress cameras became more autonomous, and the Court gained more autonomy. Electoral reforms aimed to ensure impartiality and openness. The president’s powers were also reduced through power sharing with other constitutional powers.

However, according to a UNAM professor, since 2019, Mexico has experienced a “setback in each and every one of those lines.” The professor argues that the country is witnessing a “systematic and progressive substitution of some norms and institutions that supported a germinal democracy for others that build a political system in the antipodes of the democratic ideal.”

The professor emphasizes that while free elections are a necessary condition for democracy,thay are not sufficient. The current trajectory raises concerns about the future of democratic institutions in Mexico.

“Democracy supposes free elections. They are a necessary but not sufficient condition.”

Understanding Democracy: Key Elements and Global Trends

Democracy is a system of government in which the people hold power and elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.It encompasses various principles and institutions that ensure accountability, transparency, and the protection of individual rights.