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Overweight and obesity accounted for an estimated 4 million deaths and 120 million disability-adjusted life-years worldwide in 2015, representing 7·1% of global deaths and 4·9% of total disability-adjusted life-years from any cause.1 Metabolic-bariatric surgery remains the most effective treatment for obesity, offering durable weight loss and improved life expectancy.2 Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) constitute most of the approximately 600 000 metabolic-bariatric surgery procedures performed annually worldwide, with RYGB demonstrating superior outcomes in weight loss, remission of hyperlipidaemia, reflux control, and quality of life.
