Gingivitis during pregnancy is a very common disorder, affecting more than half of women during the nine months of gestation.
This problem, caused by an infection of the gums, is mainly determined by the depths hormonal changes which occur in the pregnant female body, with direct effects on the oral cavity.
Gum inflammation can occur as early as the second or third month of pregnancy and persist until the end of gestation, leading to swollen, red and often bleeding gums.
The main causes of gingivitis during pregnancy
During pregnancy, the female organism undergoes a significant increase in progesterone and other hormones, which modify the microenvironment of the mucous membranes. The gums become more blood-filledtaking on a darker color and becoming more vulnerable to bacterial infections. These changes favor the development of pregnancy gingivitisespecially in the areas around the incisors and canines.
Another determining factor is the transformation of the composition of saliva: the concentration of ions such as iron, calcium and potassium increases, while the pH acidifies. These variations create an ideal environment for the proliferation of anaerobic bacteria, i.e. microorganisms that live in the absence of oxygen, responsible for the accumulation of bacterial plaque, the main cause of gingivitis.
Furthermore, saliva during pregnancy contains a greater quantity of mucin, a protein that promotes the adhesion of plaque to the teeth, accentuating their aggressiveness.
The onset of the first symptoms, such as redness and bleeding gums, requires timely intervention to avoid more serious complications such as periodontitis, a deep inflammation that can compromise the stability of the teeth. It is important to underline that bleeding gums generally tends to intensify towards the eighth month of pregnancy, and then subsides spontaneously after childbirth.
Prevention is mainly based on correct oral hygienewhich includes thorough tooth brushing and regular flossing. If it was not possible to have a dental visit before pregnancy, it is advisable to schedule it as soon as possible to evaluate the health of the oral cavity and plan periodic checks aimed at preventing any complications.
To combat pregnancy gingivitis, the use of specific products is essential. The use of a toothpaste formulated for sensitive and bleeding gums during pregnancy helps protect enamel and reduce inflammation. Using an alcohol-free mouthwash prescribed by your dentist can relieve the discomfort and pain associated with inflamed gums.
Furthermore, an effective home solution consists of rinsing with water and bicarbonate, useful for neutralizing oral acidity, especially at times when nausea or vomiting are more intense, frequent symptoms during pregnancy.
A further suggestion concerns the use of electric toothbrushwhich represents a safe and effective tool also for pregnant women. Thanks to its enhanced cleaning system, it helps keep bacterial plaque under control, constantly protecting gums and teeth.
