PAS: Navigating the Ulama Leadership Model in Malaysia’s Multi-Ethnic Landscape
The Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) sits at a critical juncture as it navigates its traditional ulama leadership model in Malaysia’s multi-ethnic society. The question remains: Can PAS evolve beyond its conservative roots to embrace a more inclusive vision that resonates with all Malaysians? Balancing its religious heritage with modern aspirations could unlock new possibilities for both the party and the nation.
Background on PAS and Ulama Leadership
Founded in 1951, PAS is an Islamist political party known for its conservative religious ideology. It played a key role in Malaysia’s political landscape before, during, and after independence in 1957. Notable periods of PAS governance were from 1973 to 1977 and again from 2020 to 2022. The term kepimpinan ulama refers to religious leaders holding key positions in the party.
Since Mohd Asri Haji Muda’s resignation in 1982, the leadership of PAS has shifted to the ulama faction, influenced by the Iranian Revolution of 1979. This move re-oriented the party’s ideology and approach, emphasizing the role of ulama in grassroots organization.
The Role of Ulama in PAS’s Recent Muktamar
In September 2024, PAS held its 70th Muktamar in Temerloh, Pahang. Party president Abdul Hadi Awang underscored the continued relevance of Islamic governance under the guidance of the Majlis Syura Ulama. However, the event also highlighted the tension between maintaining religious principles and broadening support from non-Malays.
The prevailing sentiment among interviewees is that the current ulama leadership model is the most appropriate for PAS. There is also a recognition that any significant change to this model would require a substantial shift in the mindset of PAS supporters.
Challenges and Adaptations
Despite its strong grassroots base, PAS faces challenges in expanding its appeal beyond its traditional Malay Muslim base. In 2023, PAS acknowledged its weakness in attracting non-Muslim support, leading to a decision at the 69th Muktamar to allow non-Muslims to become associate members.
This move signals PAS’s attempt to reform its image and appeal to a broader audience. However, the question remains whether the ulama leadership model can support such an expansion.
The Evolution of Ulama Leadership
Traditionally, PAS has chosen ulama as First Minister in states it governs. However, this has changed recently. In 2018, PAS appointed Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar, an aeronautical engineer, as First Minister of Terengganu. Since then, Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor, known for his populist appeal, rose to power in Kedah and national politics, indicating a shift away from strict ulama leadership.
Strengths and Weaknesses
The strength of the ulama leadership model lies in its resonance with a significant segment of the Malay populace. However, this model can be seen as ill-suited to the demands of the current political scene, where broader aspirations for reform are crucial.
Future Prospects
Within PAS, there is a strong belief in the importance of ulama leadership, viewing it as crucial to maintaining the party’s core values and ensuring decisions are grounded in Islamic principles. However, there are calls for flexibility and openness to new leadership models.
Dr Mohd Zuhdi Marzuki argues that the ulama leadership model is essential, pointing to a period in 2008 to 2015 when the party’s direction was influenced by external pressures. Meanwhile, Ahmad Ubaidillah notes flexibility in the model, suggesting that professionals or other qualified individuals can lead PAS without losing its core principles.
The prevailing sentiment is that any significant change requires a substantial shift in the mindset of PAS supporters. Nonetheless, history has shown that the party adapts to the political landscape.
The Role of Inclusivity
Islam emphasizes respect, tolerance, and peace, values that can foster unity in Malaysia’s multicultural society. Figures like Nik Aziz and Fadzil Noor exemplified inclusivist leadership, fostering inter-ethnic and inter-religious harmony.
Therefore, for PAS to envision a future as the main party leading Malaysia, it needs to have an honest review of its strategy to be more attractive to both non-Muslims and Muslims who may not share the view of having an ulama heading the party or the country.
The 2024 by-elections showcased Perikatan Nasional’s diminishing support among Malay-Muslim voters, a concerning sign for PAS. To lead Malaysia, PAS must address inclusivity and adapt its strategies to attract a wider base.
Conclusion
Navigating its traditional ulama leadership model in today’s Malaysia requires PAS to balance its religious foundations with modern aspirations. For PAS to remain a leading party in Malaysia, it must evolve its leadership model, becoming more inclusive and appealing to all Malaysians.
Engagement with non-Muslims, fostering inter-religious harmony, and embracing flexible leadership approaches could pave the way for PAS’s future success. It is crucial for PAS to review its strategy and adapt to the changing political landscape.
We invite readers to share their thoughts on PAS’s leadership model and its future prospects in the comments below. Subscribe to Archynetys to stay updated on the latest political developments in Malaysia.
