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You are a highly skilled journalist working for 🔶 SITENAME, a respected news organization. You are writng an evergreen article for the 🔶 SECTION section of the site.
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Article Title: The surprising History of Ideas Born on Napkins
Keywords: napkin sketches,architecture,Frank Gehry,Guggenheim Bilbao,credit card numbers,Farrington B,MRI,Paul Lauterbur,Ethernet,Robert Metcalfe,Laffer curve,economics,history,design,technology
Instructions:
Rewrite the following article content according to the guidelines above.
“Paper napkins! Who has heard such a nonsense! What are thay for?”.
That exclaimed “many good housewives” upon learning that they were on sale, Helen Thompson, of Brooklyn Magazine magazine.
Little by little, however, they would conquer public spaces untill in the 1950s they began to receive the seal of approval of the rectors of the label, and to become ubiquitous.
Since then,many architects or their relatives would respond to those housewives that paper napkins served to pour ideas.
Countless buildings designs around the world began outlined in those pieces of paper produced to clean or eat, including several celebrities, such as the Guggenheim Bilbao museum.
The influential architect Frank gehry said that when he was nominated to design it, he spent one night in a nearby bar and began to outline a design in a cocktail napkin, without lifting the paper pen to achieve a fluid design.
the practice is so valued in the architecture that there are auctions of napkins, and the phrase “Sketch in napkin” is synonymous with the moment of the conceptual genesis.
But also outside that circle, there are napkins that have made history.
Those numbers
You would probably not recognize the name David H. Shepard.
Nor that of its creation, although you have surely seen it, often.
Shepard was the inventor of one of the first machines that read credit card receipts.
His smart machine research corporation developed and sold the first optical character recognition systems to companies such as AT&T, first National City Bank, Reader’s digest and most of the main oil companies.
However, it detected a problem.
As the optical recognition of characters was first implemented in gas stations, when people used cards to pay, receipts inevitably were stained with fat, oil and other substances.
I needed to devise the way to combat that contamination of financial data.
And he did, in a napkin, during a dinner with his wife at the Waldorf-Actory Hotel in New York, in 1952.
Looking for the simplest and most open forms possible, what he drew were those rectilinear numbers that appear on many credit cards.
The Farrington B numerical source was clearly transmitted when using the processing devices of analog cards from the mid -twentieth century.
Today, credit card companies can use any source for the account number, as all relevant facts is obtained from the magnetic band or the EMV chip.
But those distinctive digits continue to be used frequently as farrington B is almost a tradition.
The image of your organs
In the early 1970s, the American chemist Paul Lauterbur was already one of the main specialists in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
The technique is based on the magnetic properties of hydrogen present in water,which constitutes approximately two thirds of the human body.
when hydrogen atoms are put in a powerful magnetic field and bombarded with radio waves, they emit signals that provide information about their local environment.
Chemists used NMR to determine the structure of organic molecules.
But until then nobody had occurred that it could become a tool that doctors could use to create detailed images of internal organs.
The idea was generated after a furtive meeting in Lauterbur with a researcher in the summer of 1971.
He talked about a study of cancerous fabrics with rats that tried to see if with MRI you could detect tumors.
Lauterbur was impressed, but it seemed “too unpleasant” that they had to sacrifice animals to investigate: it should be possible to obtain the same information not invasively from outside a living body, he thought.
That same night,he went to eat at the resturant Eat’n Park big Boy of Pittsburgh,and while reflecting heard ideas on a paper napkin.
Those ideas, conceived between hunger snacks, led to the birth of magnetic resonance, or IRM.
More than 30 years later he received the Nobel Prize in physiology or Medicine (2003) for giving doctors the ability to look inside the human body without using harmful radiation.
Invisible data
Perhaps it is curious that in the field of technology, which has created so many tools to replace pencil and paper, the napkin sketch has also played a role.
However, it has happened on more than one occasion.
The most legendary has to do with the creation of Ethernet, the system to connect devices that preceded the now omnipresent Wi-Fi.
And it is still used, because sending cable data is faster, reliable and surely sending them via radio waves.
