Schematic diagram of T cells attacking cancer cells. The latest research uses bacteria as a “Trojan horse” to skillfully avoid intercepting cancer cells by viruses, and directly send them into the tumor for attack. (Pictures are captured from Freepik)
Ji Lijun/Reviewed Manuscript Edit
[Compiled by Chen Chengliang/Comprehensive Report]American scientists have successfully created a new “Trojan Horse” cancer therapy, allowing bacteria and viruses to work together to accurately hunt cancer cells. This technology cleverly hides the oncolytic virus in the bacteria that can automatically find tumors, thereby avoiding the pursuit of the human immune system. After sneaking into the tumor, it releases a large army of viruses and launches a fatal attack on cancer cells.
According to Science Daily, a research team from Columbia Engineering developed this system called CAPPSID, and the results have been published in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering.
Bacteria as “invisible cloak” smuggling virus bombs
The biggest breakthrough of this therapy lies in overcoming the core problem of oncolytic virus therapy: the human immune system. If a patient has been exposed to a certain virus in the past, the antibodies in his body will neutralize the virus, making it unable to reach the tumor. Professor Tal Danino‘s team used bacteria as “invisible cloaks” to safely “smuggle” the virus to the destination.
“We programmed the bacteria as a Trojan horse, transported viral RNA into the tumor, and then let the bacteria lyse themselves inside the cancer cells to release the viral genome,” explained Zakary S. Singer, a postdoctoral researcher and co-lead author of the study.
Once inside the tumor, bacteria will reproduce in large quantities using the tumor’s hypoxia and nutrient-rich environment and release viruses. The virus uses its nature to specifically infect and kill cancer cells, which will spread throughout the tumor. To prevent the virus from getting out of control and infecting healthy organizations, the team has designed a “molecular insurance” to ensure that the virus cannot rage outside the tumor.
This technology, which has been proven in mice, is considered to be the first time that it has been successfully designed to directly design a cooperative model between bacteria and oncolytic viruses. The team is currently expanding the scope of testing and has applied for patents for this technology.
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