A new study has shed light on the connection between Long COVID and changes in the menstrual cycle, revealing potential hormonal and inflammatory causes. Researchers have found that Long COVID is associated with heavier, longer, and more irregular menstrual bleeding [[3]]. Symptom severity also appears to peak around menstruation, suggesting a link to hormonal fluctuations [[3]].

the research indicates that Long COVID can disrupt the hormonal control loop, leading to menstrual irregularities and intensified symptoms during specific phases of the cycle. A study following 54 women with long COVID over three months revealed that symptoms were most pronounced around menstruation and during the proliferative phase of the uterine lining. Many symptoms improved during the secretory phase.

Hormone analysis in ten Long COVID patients showed an increased concentration of the hormone 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone. Additionally,the endometrium,the uterine lining,exhibited reduced sensitivity to testosterone. According to animal studies, this mechanism may contribute to longer and heavier bleeding.Notably, levels of the ovarian hormones estradiol and progesterone remained unchanged, suggesting that fertility may not be affected.

Tissue samples from Long COVID sufferers also revealed inflammatory changes,with specific cytokines (immune system messenger substances) displaying distinct patterns across different cycle phases.Certain immune cells were exclusively found in individuals with Long COVID.

the symptoms were particularly pronounced around menstruation and in the construction phase of the uterine mucosa (proliferative phase).

These findings provide crucial insights into the physical causes of menstrual cycle disorders in individuals with Long COVID, emphasizing the need for greater attention to women-specific symptoms in research.