When foreign fighters arrived in Eastern Congo, they were immediately referred to as “Russian,” according to Fiston Mahamba, co-founder of the disinformation group Check Congo. Mahamba believed this designation was connected to the notorious Russian private military company, Wagner, which has a presence in multiple African countries.

However, the intelligence extends beyond mere accusations. A Romanian contractor firm known as Asociatia RALF signed an extensive contract with the Congolese government, specifying operational locations across several African nations, including Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ivory Coast, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Gambia, and Guinea.

The Influx of Foreign Fighters

The United Nations (UN) experts report that two private military firms were recruited in 2022 to reinforce forces in the DRC, following the M23’s resurgence and territorial conquest in North Kivu. This region has long endured instability, with various militias exploiting mineral wealth like gold and coltan—vital ingredients for electric vehicle batteries and smartphones.

Agemira RDC: A Bulgarian-Filled Air Force Boost

The first foreign military group involved was Agemira RDC, led by Olivier Bazin, a French-Congolese national. This company employed personnel from diverse countries, including Bulgaria, Belarus, Georgia, Algeria, France, and the Congo itself.

Agemira RDC was tasked with enhancing the DRC’s military helicopter fleet and restoring airbases, thereby ensuring the safety of aircraft and strategic points.

Congolese Protection: Trainers on the Ground

In October 2022, a Congolese security firm named Congo Protection, under the representation of Thierry Kongolo, was contracted with Asociatia RALF. The agreement highlighted the Romanian firm’s extensive expertise in providing security services.

Asociatia RALF promised to implement a grounded training mission, comprising around 300 instructors—primarily sourced from Romania.

Defensive Operations

The effectiveness of trainers quickly spiraled into combat. According to Mr. Potra, leader of Asociatia RALF, their presence has turned defensive. Potra stated during a July interview, “Defense is a priority. If M23 attacks, they won’t leave our trainers unscathed. We must protect ourselves.”)

Fighters were never explicitly mentioned in their contract, yet their escalating role was apparent as the situation in the eastern Congo remained volatile.

Conclusion: The Dynamics of Foreign Mercenary Involvement

The involvement of foreign mercenaries in the Democratic Republic of Congo continues to complicate efforts toward stability and security. The strategic deployment of private military firms like Agemira RDC and Asociatia RALF underscores the overwhelming interest in the region’s resources, even by external actors. However, their dual roles as protectors and players in armed conflict blur the lines of defense and neutrality, raising serious concerns about international law and ethical military engagements.

Ultimately, the complex interplay of national, regional, and international actors in the Congo’s ongoing strife necessitates clear oversight and accountability mechanisms to ensure that the interests of local communities are safeguarded and not exploited.