Tuberculosis Trends in South Korea: A 2024 Overview

On the 15th annual Tuberculosis prevention Day,March 24,the Korea centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) released figures detailing the state of tuberculosis (TB) in 2024. While meaningful progress has been made, challenges remain, notably among the elderly and foreign residents.

decline in Overall TB Cases

As 2011, South korea has seen a notable decrease in TB cases. The peak was recorded in 2000 when the national tuberculosis monitoring system was established. The numbers have decreased by 64.5% over the past 13 years,from 50,491 cases to 17,944 in 2024.This translates to an annual decrease of 7.6% since 2011, showcasing the effectiveness of ongoing TB management strategies.

Disproportionate Impact on the Elderly

Despite the overall decline,TB continues to disproportionately effect older adults. In 2024, individuals aged 65 and older accounted for 58.7% (10,534) of all domestic TB patients. The incidence rate among this age group is approximately 105.8 cases per 100,000 population, nearly six times higher than the rate of 18.0 per 100,000 observed in those under 65.

TB Among Foreign Residents

TB rates among foreign residents have seen some improvement as 2016, following the implementation of TB screening programs for long-term residents from high-risk countries.In 2024, there were 1,077 cases among foreign residents, a 2.7% decrease from the previous year. However, this group still represents a growing proportion of total TB cases, accounting for 6% of all patients, a 0.3% increase year-on-year.

Types of tuberculosis and Drug Resistance

Analyzing the types of TB cases, pulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 78.5% (14,095) of all cases, while extrapulmonary tuberculosis, occurring outside the lungs, made up the remaining 21.5% (3,849).

Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis

A significant concern in TB management is the emergence of drug-resistant strains. in 2024, there were 461 cases of multi-drug resistant/rifampin-resistant TB, a 16.3% decrease compared to the 551 cases reported the previous year. While this decline is encouraging, these cases remain a challenge due to the difficulty in treatment [[3]].

South Korea’s Comprehensive Tuberculosis Management Plan

The KCDC is actively implementing the 3rd Tuberculosis Management Plan (2023-2027), focusing on a comprehensive approach encompassing prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This plan addresses the unique challenges posed by the increasing proportion of elderly and foreign patients.

Targeted Screening and Early Detection

Recognizing the vulnerability of specific populations, the KCDC conducted a “visiting tuberculosis screening project” in 2024, targeting elderly individuals and the homeless, who often face barriers to accessing medical care. This initiative aims to improve early detection and treatment rates within these high-risk groups.

Epidemiological Investigations and Contact Tracing

the Tuberculosis Epidemiological Investigation Team, established in 2013, plays a crucial role in identifying and containing TB outbreaks. The team conducts thorough epidemiological surveys of contacts in group facilities, such as families and workplaces, to ensure rapid follow-up and prevent further transmission.

Public-Private Partnerships for Enhanced Patient Management

The KCDC leverages public-private partnerships (PPM) to enhance TB management. Health centers and medical institutions collaborate to provide comprehensive patient management, including customized integrated care plans. This collaborative approach ensures that patients receive the support and resources they need to adhere to treatment regimens.

Addressing the Needs of Foreign Residents

To improve TB management among foreign residents, the KCDC is strengthening cooperation with relevant agencies and developing culturally sensitive resources. The “Tuberculosis Treatment and Management Guide,” available in 10 languages, aims to provide accessible information and support to foreign-born individuals affected by TB.

Investing in Advanced Tuberculosis Research and Technology

South Korea is committed to investing in cutting-edge research and technology to combat TB. This includes the advancement of rapid and simultaneous diagnostic technologies for early detection of multi-drug resistant TB, and also the exploration of shorter treatment regimens to reduce the burden on patients. Furthermore, research is being conducted to analyze the long-term health risks and consequences faced by individuals after TB treatment.

Commemorating Tuberculosis Prevention Day

The KCDC held a commemorative event on March 24 to raise awareness about the importance of TB prevention and management. The event recognized individuals and institutions that have made significant contributions to the national TB management project, with 80 government awards presented.

Recognizing Contributions to TB Control

Professor Kim Joo-sang of Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital received the Presidential Citation for his expertise in respiratory medicine and his contributions to improving TB treatment technologies. Hwang min-hee, a TB nurse at ajou University Hospital, was awarded the Prime Minister’s Citation for her dedication to monitoring TB reporting patients, providing education and counseling, and ensuring patient adherence to treatment. The Jeollanam-do Yeongam-gun Health Center was also recognized for its proactive efforts in administering BCG vaccinations to newborns and infants.

tuberculosis Prevention Week

In conjunction with Tuberculosis Prevention Day, local governments are organizing “Tuberculosis Prevention Week” from March 23 to March 29. Local health centers, public institutions, and medical facilities are participating in various events to promote TB prevention and raise awareness about national TB support programs.

Call to Action: The Importance of Regular Screening

Ji Young-mi, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, emphasized the importance of continued efforts in TB management, stating that south Korea has been diligently implementing the national tuberculosis management project despite the global increase in TB cases.

She urged the public, particularly individuals aged 65 and older, to undergo regular TB screenings every year to ensure early detection and treatment.