Understanding Stroke: Symptoms, Types, and Immediate Actions
Stroke: An Urgent Medical Emergency
Every day in the UK, around 240 people suffer from a stroke. Often referred to as "brain attacks," strokes occur when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, denying the brain cells the oxygen and nutrients they need to survive. As neurons can die within minutes, strokes are among the most feared medical emergencies and can cause life-altering disabilities such as losing the ability to speak or use specific parts of the body. Sadly, one in four people will experience a stroke at some point in their lives.
Types of Stroke
Ischaemic Strokes vs. Haemorrhagic Strokes
There are two main types of stroke: ischaemic and haemorrhagic.
- Ischaemic Strokes: These account for around 87% of all cases and are caused by a blockage, usually a blood clot, in an artery that supplies blood to the brain.
- Haemorrhagic Strokes: These account for 13% of all cases and occur when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding and damage to the surrounding brain tissue.
Both types exhibit similar signs, but the underlying causes differ significantly.
Early Recognition: FAST Acronym
Early recognition of a stroke is crucial. Acting swiftly can save lives and prevent long-term disability. Dr. Branimir Nevajda, a consultant in neurology and stroke medicine at Basildon University Hospital, outlines the FAST acronym to quickly identify the signs of a stroke and take immediate action.
- F – Face: Ask the person to smile. Does the face drop on one side?
- A – Arms: Ask them to raise both arms. Does one arm drift down or cannot be raised?
- S – Speech: Ask them to repeat a simple phrase. Is speech slurred, garbled, or incoherent?
- T – Time: Act immediately if you observe any of these signs.
Extended Symptoms to Look For
Dr. Nevajda further explains that each stroke symptom provides clues about what’s happening in the brain. These may include sudden numbness or weakness, trouble speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, severe headache, dizziness or loss of balance, and difficulty walking.
The Urgency of Time in Stroke Treatment
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Acting quickly is imperative because 1.9 million neurons die every minute during a stroke. Early intervention increases the chances of a successful recovery and reduces the risk of long-term disability.
Symptoms and Brain Functions Affected
Each stroke symptom affects the brain differently:
- Sudden Numbness or Weakness: Disrupted blood flow to areas that control muscle movement or sensation.
- Trouble Speaking or Understanding Speech: Issues with communication pathways due to damaged language centers.
- Vision Problems: Affected along the visual pathway causing blurred vision or loss of sight.
- Severe Headache: Often associated with haemorrhagic strokes due to increased pressure in the skull.
- Dizziness or Loss of Balance: Affecting the balance centers in the brain, leading to coordination issues.
- Difficulty Walking: Impaired movement due to weakness or paralysis in the leg muscles or balance problems.
Conclusion: The FAST Way to Save a Life
Recognizing the signs of a stroke and acting quickly is vital. The FAST acronym serves as a simple guide for identifying early symptoms of a stroke. If you observe any of these symptoms, call emergency services immediately.
Call for Action
Remember, every second counts in stroke treatment. Do not hesitate! Be informed and be vigilant. Save a life today by staying alert to the signs and stages of stroke.
Take the initiative and spread awareness. Regular check-ups and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can also help prevent stroke risks. Regularly monitor your health for any early indicators and make sure friends and family are also informed about the importance of stroke awareness and quick action.
Your early action can save someone’s life. Stay informed and be prepared.