Echoes of the Past: Martial Law and the Suppression of Dissent

Recent political events have stirred deep concerns about the state of democracy in South Korea. Kwang-woo Hwang, a veteran activist and Executive Director of Donggosong Dong-song, reflects on the unsettling parallels between current events and the authoritarian regimes of the past. Hwang recalls his shock at witnessing a prominent figure invoking language reminiscent of the Park Chung-hee and Chun Doo-hwan eras, eras marked by the imprisonment of those labeled “anti-state forces.”

Anti-state forces are being weak everywhere.
Yongsan

Hwang draws a direct line to the Gwangju Uprising of May 1980, a watershed moment in South Korean history where the military brutally suppressed pro-democracy demonstrators. He notes the ease wiht which martial law can be declared, even suggesting a fabricated incident with North Korea could be used as justification. This echoes concerns raised by civil liberties groups globally, who point to the increasing use of emergency powers to stifle dissent and curtail fundamental freedoms. For example, in 2023, several European countries invoked emergency measures citing security concerns, leading to increased surveillance and restrictions on public assembly.

A Controversial Declaration and the Suspension of the Clock

Hwang recounts writing about the dangers of martial law months prior, emphasizing its inherent nature as a form of rebellion against the people. He expresses dismay at what he perceives as a blatant disregard for democratic principles, culminating in a declaration of martial law that he believes effectively suspended the progress of Korean democracy.

This declaration, according to Hwang, included the suppression of the National Assembly and political parties, a move he characterizes as a return to dictatorship. He criticizes the paradoxical stance of forbidding the denial of liberal democracy while concurrently undermining its foundations through censorship and control of the media.

The Erosion of Justice and the Plight of Individuals

Hwang describes his surprise at seeing individuals previously imprisoned seemingly released through questionable means, suggesting a manipulation of the justice system. He alludes to the influence of personal relationships and political maneuvering in undermining the integrity of legal processes.

The article also touches upon the controversial non-appointment of Judge Ma Eun-hyuk to the Constitutional Court, allegedly due to gender discrimination. This highlights ongoing concerns about portrayal and equality within the South Korean judiciary, despite constitutional guarantees against discrimination.

A Veteran’s Disquiet and the Search for Hope

Hwang recounts a meeting with Kwon Young-gil, a fellow activist, during which he witnessed a rare display of pessimism from a usually optimistic figure. This encounter deepened Hwang’s unease and prompted him to delve into the “secrets to overcome the situation,” suggesting a growing sense of crisis and a need for strategic action.

Despite his concerns, hwang draws strength from the memory of past struggles against authoritarianism, recalling the resilience of the Gwangju citizens and their refusal to be cowed by violence. He acknowledges,though,that the current situation feels different,presenting challenges that seem insurmountable.

A Moment of Gratitude and a Call to Action

Hwang expresses his gratitude for a specific legal decision, highlighting the role of lawyers Kim Lee-soo and Lee Kwang-bum in defending democracy and the “Gwangju spirit.” He concludes with a call to acknowledge and appreciate those who are working to protect fundamental freedoms in the face of perceived threats.