Cloud intelligent teaching virtual simulation is displayed at the 2020 World Vocational and Technical Education Development Conference in Qingdao, East China’s Shandong Province on November 19, 2020. Photo: VCG
Vocational Education Transforms: Shedding the ‘Blue-Collar’ Label
For many vocational school graduates today, the label of ‘blue-collar’ has been shed. As a vocational education graduate surnamed Chen stated, “We are no longer confined to the traditional occupations typically associated with vocational education.” Chen now works at a renowned technology company in Shenzhen, one of China’s tech hubs. Many of his classmates are also employed at reputable firms, involved in high-skill, high-barrier professions, and enjoying attractive salaries.
The Evolution of Education in China
In China, students complete nine years of compulsory education, comprising six years of primary school and three of junior high school. Afterward, they can choose to attend a senior high school to take the gaokao, the national university entrance exam, or enroll in a vocational senior high school followed by a vocational college.
Traditionally, vocational education has been viewed as low-quality. However, recent evidence indicates that graduates from vocational schools often secure in-demand jobs, according to Professor Che Yanqiu from Tianjin University of Technology and Education.
Adapting to Industrial Upgrading
China’s economy is undergoing industrial upgrading, phasing out outdated and low-value technologies. This trend opens up opportunities for vocational school students. As Chen explained, “Our education effectively meets the demand for new technologies and skills.”
The Ministry of Education introduced 40 new vocational education programs in 2024, marking the most significant update since 2021. Notable additions include electronic information materials application technology, aerospace composite materials intelligent manufacturing, and precision manufacturing for aerospace equipment. These programs align with strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing.
High Demand for Skilled Professionals
China’s technological advancements and industrial upgrading are driving demand for skilled professionals in emerging fields like smart manufacturing, artificial intelligence, and big data. Job-seeking service provider Liepin’s vice president, Ba Ran, reported that employers are actively hiring experts in machine learning, natural language processing, and battery engineering.
“Stereotypes about vocational education need to be challenged,” Chen believes. “It no longer signifies low wages and minimal entry requirements. My classmates and I are prime examples of this change.”
The Importance of Skilled Technicians
While top-level scientists with general education are essential for turning scientific discoveries into practical applications, skilled technicians from vocational colleges are equally valuable. Che emphasizes that vocational graduates are highly sought after in various industries due to their practical skills and hands-on experience.
Wang, a student majoring in electronic information engineering, described her course schedule, highlighting practical subjects like circuit analysis, Python programming, and analog electronic technology.
“Vocational education places a strong emphasis on practice and application,” Wang stated. “We receive skills training and participate in projects directly related to our careers.”
Impact and Future Prospects
According to the Ministry of Education, over 70 percent of newly added frontline workers in modern manufacturing, strategic emerging industries, and modern service sectors come from vocational schools.
“Vocational schools serve as China’s primary hub for training skilled craftsmen, workers, and high-level talent,” the MOE said.
While general education offers a broader range of classes and opportunities for theoretical foundational knowledge and diverse job prospects, vocational education focuses on technical courses and career orientation.
“We focus exclusively on technical courses, and the school emphasizes career orientation,” Wang continued. “This helps us understand our career paths more clearly.”
The school encourages students to participate in competitions and form teams to create projects, fostering practical application and innovative thinking.
Competitive Salaries and Opportunities
Che highlighted that frequent practical training makes vocational graduates highly desirable in their fields. Many state-owned companies emphasize attracting and nurturing vocational talent, offering competitive salaries and positions.
The importance of skilled professionals is also evident in the global power competition context. Such talent can play a critical role in countering extensive efforts to suppress China.
“For those who excel, there are pathways to further academic studies in general education and postgraduate studies,” Che noted.
Current Status and Future Growth
As of 2023, China has 11,133 vocational schools, with nearly 35 million students enrolled, forming a comprehensive secondary, tertiary, and bachelor’s education system. Vocational education now supports half of the country’s secondary and higher education.
In countries like Germany, vocational workers in trades such as plumbing, shipbuilding, blacksmithing, and metalworking are highly respected and well-compensated. Shifting societal attitudes toward vocational education remains a challenge in China.
“Vocational education shows promise in overcoming its traditional bias as a second-tier option for personal growth,” Che said. “It is crucial to recognize the value of individuals with practical skills and tangible value.”
Towards a Brighter Future
The transformation in vocational education in China is not just about changes in curricula and career opportunities. It reflects a broader shift in societal attitudes and the recognition of the importance of practical skills in driving innovation and economic growth.
As vocational education continues to evolve, its graduates are poised to play a vital role in shaping China’s future. With a growing emphasis on practical application, innovation, and career-ready skills, vocational education is no longer a second-rate path but a pathway to rewarding careers and personal success.
We invite you to share your thoughts on the future of vocational education in China. Join the conversation below and let us know how you believe vocational education can continue to evolve and thrive.
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