Calorie labels on restaurant menus may inadvertently exacerbate eating disorders, according to a new study published in the British Medical Journal Public Health.
Study Unveils Concerns About Calorie Labels
A comprehensive review of 16 existing studies across the UK, US, Canada, and Saudi Arabia, involving 8,074 participants, reveals potential negative impacts of menu calorie labels on people living with eating disorders. The research indicates that these labels could cause significant harm, especially for those with restrictive eating disorders, suggesting a need for further investigation.
Specific Findings of the Study
The review highlighted several concerning outcomes. Participants reported avoiding restaurants due to calorie information, increased attention to nutritional labels, and heightened eating disorder thoughts. Eye-tracking data supports the idea that individuals with eating disorders spend more time focusing on calorie counts.
One American study found that those with anorexia or bulimia chose foods averaging 550 calories when labels were present, compared to 1,615 calories when they were not. In England, approximately 55% of participants with eating disorders stated that calorie labeling worsens their condition.
Government Legislation and Public Impact
In England, a law mandating calorie labels on menus at restaurants, takeaways, and cafes with over 250 staff took effect in 2022. The policy aims to combat obesity rates, but recent studies have cast doubt on its effectiveness. A Cochrane review published earlier this year indicated that calorie labels on menus and packaging might result in the consumption of just one fewer crisp—one potential yet modest effect on eating habits.
Dr. Nora Trompeter, a co-author of the new review, emphasizes the importance of balancing obesity reduction efforts with the potential harm to individuals with eating disorders. She highlights the need for more research, particularly among young people, to fully understand the impact of these labels.
Expert Opinions on the Study
Tom Jewell, another co-author, concurs that individuals with eating disorders feel marginalized in discussions about calorie labeling. He argues that public policies must consider both the positive and negative effects on obesity and eating disorders. “Striking a balance is vital,” Jewell stated, adding that the harm inflicted by calorie labeling on individuals with eating disorders outweighs the minimal benefits to the general population.
Beat, the national eating disorder charity, supports these views. Tom Quinn, the charity’s director of external affairs, describes the new research as a cornerstone in the evidence against calorie labeling. Quinn underscores that the policy fails to deliver tangible benefits while harming those with eating disorders, exacerbating feelings of anxiety and stress and potentially leading to harmful behaviors like binge eating or excessive exercise.
Government Response and Future Plans
In response to the findings, a Department of Health and Social Care spokesperson acknowledged the government’s commitment to addressing the obesity crisis and pledged to conduct further evaluations of the impact of out-of-home calorie labeling on individuals with eating disorders. The spokesperson outlined several initiatives aimed at supporting those living with eating disorders, such as expanding access to therapy and mental health staff and providing resources in schools.
Conclusion
While calorie labels on menus may seem like a simple solution to combat obesity, they pose significant risks to individuals with eating disorders. The recent review in the British Medical Journal Public Health underscores the need for a more nuanced approach that prioritizes the well-being of all individuals, not just those facing weight management issues. Policymakers must carefully consider the comprehensive impact of such measures to ensure they do not contribute to the marginalization and harm of already vulnerable populations.
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